The History of Black Muslims in America

The long history of Black Muslims in America  goes far beyond the legacy of Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam. Understanding the  complete history  gives valuable insight into black American religious traditions and the development of Islamophobia. Enslaved Muslims in America Historians estimate that between 15 and 30 percent (as many as 600,000 to 1.2 million) of enslaved Africans brought to North America were Muslim. Many of these Muslims were literate, able to read and write in Arabic. In order to preserve the new development of race in which â€Å"Negroes† were classified as barbaric and uncivilized, some African Muslims (primarily those with lighter skin, slimmer features or looser hair textures) were categorized as â€Å"Moors,† creating a level of stratification amongst enslaved populations. White slaveholders often forced Christianity onto slave populations through forced assimilation, and Muslim slaves reacted to this in a variety of ways. Some became pseudo-converts to Christianity, utilizing what is known as taqiyah: the practice of denying one’s religion when faced with persecution. Within Islam, taqiyah is permissible when used to protect religious beliefs. Others, like Muhammad Bilali, author of the Bilali Document/The Ben Ali Diary, attempted to hold onto their Islamic roots without converting. In the early 1800s, Bilali started a community of African Muslims in Georgia called Sapelo Square. Others were not able to successfully circumnavigate forced conversion and instead brought aspects of Islam into their new religion. The Gullah-Geechee people, for example, developed a tradition known as a â€Å"Ring Shout,† which mimics the ritual counter-clockwise circling (tawaf) of the Kaaba in Mecca. Others continued practicing forms of sadaqah (charity), which is one of the five pillars of Islam. Descendants from Sapelo Square like Katie Brown, great grand-daughter of Salih Bilali, recall that some would make flat rice cakes called â€Å"saraka†. These rice cakes would be blessed using â€Å"Amiin,† the Arabic word for â€Å"Amen.† Other congregations took to praying in the east, with their backs facing the west because that was the way the devil sat. And, further still, they took to offering part of their prayers on rugs while on their knees. The Moorish Science Temple and Nation of Islam While the horrors of slavery and forced conversion were largely successful in silencing enslaved African Muslims, Islam continued to exist within the conscience of a people. Most notably, this historical memory led to the development of proto-Islamic institutions, which borrowed from and re-imagined Islamic tradition to answer specifically to the reality of black Americans. The first of these institutions was the Moorish Science Temple, founded in 1913. The second, and most well known, was the Nation of Islam (NOI), founded in 1930. There were Black Muslims practicing outside these institutions, like the Black American Ahmadiyya Muslims in the 1920s and the Dar al-Islam movement. However, proto-Islamic institutions, namely the NOI, gave way to the development of â€Å"Muslim† as a political identity rooted in black politics. Black Muslim Culture During the 1960s, Black Muslims were perceived as radical, as the NOI and figures such as Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali grew in prominence. The media focused on developing a narrative of fear, characterizing Black Muslims as dangerous outsiders in a country built on white, Christian ethics. Muhammad Ali captured the fear of the greater public perfectly when he said, â€Å"I am America. I am the part you wont recognize. But get used to me. Black, confident, cocky; my name, not yours; my religion, not yours; my goals, my own; get used to me.† Black Muslim identity also developed outside of the political sphere. Black American Muslims have contributed to a variety of musical genres, including the blues and jazz. Songs such as â€Å"Levee Camp Holler† utilized singing styles reminiscent of the adhan, or the call to prayer. In â€Å"A Love Supreme†, jazz musician John Coltrane uses a prayer format which mimics the semantics of the opening chapter of the Quran. Black Muslim artistry has also played a role in hip-hop and rap. Groups like The Five-Percent Nation, an offshoot of the Nation of Islam, the Wu-Tang Clan, and A Tribe Called Quest all had multiple Muslim members. Islamophobia Historically, the FBI has claimed that Islam is the greatest enabler of black radicalism and it continues to follow that line of thought today. In August 2017, an FBI report cited a new terroristic threat, â€Å"Black Identity Extremists†, in which Islam was singled out as a radicalizing factor. Programs such as Countering Violent Extremism couple with xenophobia to promote entrapment and cultures of surveillance, following past FBI programs such as the Counter Intelligence Program (COINTELPro). These programs target Black Muslims through the very specific nature of America’s anti-black Islamophobia.

The Tragedy of Being Born a Woman Essay - 611 Words

In the story The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the role of the female characters Daisy, Jordan and Myrtle find themselves in conflict with society’s expectations of them. However, they each negotiate the conflict and resolve it. By examining Daisy, Jordan and Myrtle’s roles, one can contemplate how they went about resolving the issue. The beautiful and mesmerizing Daisy Buchanan is the poster child of sociability. She lives a particular lifestyle in the privileged, high class Louisville, which her husband Tom has provided for her. She attracts all sorts of men, including Jay Gatsby, with her classy nature and voice â€Å"full of money†. She is the object of Gatsby’s desire, and represents an elite social class. Her voice is full of†¦show more content†¦She was incurably dishonest. She wasnt able to endure being at a disadvantage and, given this unwillingness, I suppose she had begun dealing in subterfuges when she was very young in order to keep that cool, insolent smile turned to the world and yet satisfy the demands of her hard, jaunty body.† Married to her husband George who owns a gas station, and lover of Tom Buchanan, Myrtle Wilson serves as a representative of the lower class. Through her affair with Tom she enters the world of the elite, and her personality change is remarkable. She conducts a secret life with Tom, where she exhibits all the power and dominance she finds lacking in her everyday life. She eventually suffers a tragic death at the hand of her lover’s wife. In the story, Gatsby is a tragic hero, while Myrtle is portrayed as a ridiculous fool. Gatsby strives out of love, while Myrtle does it out of greed. Is Gatsby seen as a hero because he is a man, or is Myrtle portrayed as a fool simply because she had the tragedy of being born a woman? Myrtle and Gatsby however do have one thing in common; theyre both trying to rise above their class. Like Gatsby, Myrtle isnt happy with the class she was born to. She insists she married beneath her, and she tries to talk about the lower orders as though shes not one of them. Myrtle and Gatsby have quite a bit in common; nonetheless they are completely different people. Throughout this story, as the same as reality, women face the conflict of meeting theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Definitions of a Tragedy: Shakespeares and Aristotles1182 Words   |  5 PagesIn writing a tragedy, there are certain standards and guidelines to which an author or playwright must follow. One such standard is the Aristotelian definition of tragedy and the tragic hero. William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth is a perfect mold of an Aristotelian Tragedy. It displays all eight aspects of Aristotle’s definition of tragedy. It is set mainly in Scotland, but briefly in England during the eleventh century. 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THOUGHTS ON ACID RAIN Acid Rain Is A Serious Problem With Disastrous E Essay Example For Students

THOUGHTS ON ACID RAIN Acid Rain Is A Serious Problem With Disastrous E Essay ffects. Each day this serious problem increases, many people believe that this issue is too small to deal with right now this issue should be met head on and solved before it is too late. In the following paragraphs I will be discussing the impact has on the wildlife and how our atmosphere is being destroyed by acid rain. CAUSESAcid rain is a cancer eating into the face of Eastern Canada and the North Eastern United States. In Canada, the main sulphuric acid sources are non-ferrous smelters and power generation. On both sides of the border, cars and trucks are the main sources for nitric acid(about 40% of the total), while power generating plants and industrial commercial and residential fuel combustion together contribute most of the rest. In the air, the sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can be transformed into sulphuric acid and nitric acid, and air current can send them thousands of kilometres from the source.When the acids fall to the earth in any form it will have large impact on the growth or the preservation of certain wildlife.NO DEFENCE Areas in Ontario mainly southern regions that are near the Great Lakes, such substances as limestone or other known antacids can neutralize acids entering the body of water thereby protecting it. However, large areas of Ontario that are near the Pre-Cambrian Shield, with quartzite or granite based geology and little top soil, there is not enough buffering capacity to neutralize even small amounts of acid falling on the soil and the lakes. Therefore over time, the basic environment shifts from an alkaline to a acidic one. This is why many lakes in the Muskoka, Haliburton, Algonquin, Parry Sound and Manitoulin districts could lose their fisheries if sulphur emissions are not reduced substantially. ACIDThe average mean of pH rainfall in Ontarios Muskoka-Haliburton lake country ranges between 3. 95 and 4.38 about 40 times more acidic than normal rainfall, while storms in Pennsilvania have rainfall pH at 2.8 it almost has the same rating for vinegar.Already 140 Ontario lakes are completely dead or dying. An additional 48 000 are sensitive and vulnerable to acid rain due to the surrounding concentrated acidic soils.ACID RAIN CONSISTS OF .? Canada does not have as many people, power plants or automobiles as the United States, and yet acid rain there has become so severe that Canadian government officials called it the most pressing environmental issue facing the nation. But it is important to bear in mind that acid rain is only one segment, of the widespread pollution of the atmosphere facing the world. Each year the global atmosphere is on the receiving end of 20 billion tons of carbon dioxide, 130 million tons of suffer dioxide, 97 million tons of hydrocarbons, 53 million tons of nitrogen oxides, more than three million tons of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc and other toxic metals, and a host of synthetic organic compounds ranging from polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) to toxaphene and other pesticides, a number of which may be capable of causing cancer, birth defects, or genetic imbalances. COST OF ACID RAINInteractions of pollutants can cause problems. In addition to contributing to acid rain, nitrogen oxides can react with hydrocarbons to produce ozone, a major air pollutant responsible in the United States for annual losses of $2 billion to 4.5 billion worth of wheat, corn, soyabeans, and peanuts. A wide range of interactions can occur many unknown with toxic metals. In Canada, Ontario alone has lost the fish in an estimated 4000 lakes and provincial authorities calculate that Ontario stands to lose the fish in 48 500 more lakes within the next twenty years if acid rain continues at the present rate.Ontario is not alone, on Nova Scotias Eastern most shores, almost every river flowing to the Atlantic Ocean is poisoned with acid. Further threatening a $2 million a year fishing industry.THE DYING Acid rain is killing more than lakes. .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 , .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 .postImageUrl , .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 , .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11:hover , .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11:visited , .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11:active { border:0!important; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11:active , .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11 .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc54994f59d497d84a0f7a5fbeaa8fc11:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Book Thief By Michael Petroni Essay It can scar the leaves of hardwood forest, wither ferns and lichens, accelerate the death of coniferous needles, sterilize seeds, and weaken the forests to a state that is vulnerable to disease infestation and decay. In the soil the acid neutralizes chemicals vital for growth, strips others from the soil and carries them to the lakes and literally retards the respiration of the soil. The rate of forest growth in the White Mountains of New Hampshire has declined 18% between 1956 and 1965, time of increasingly intense acidic rainfall. Acid rain no longer falls exclusively on the lakes, forest, and thin soils of the Northeast it now cov ers half the continent. EFFECTS There is evidence that the rain is destroying the productivity of the once rich soils themselves, like an overdose of chemical fertilizer or a gigantic drenching of vinegar. The damage of such overdosing may not be repairable or reversible. On some croplands, tomatoes grow to only half their full weight, and the leaves of radishes wither. Naturally it rains on cities too, eating away stone monuments and concrete structures, and corroding the pipes which channel the water away to the lakes and the cycle is repeated. Paints and automobile paints have its life reduce due to the pollution in the atmosphere speeding up the corrosion process. In some communities the drinking water is laced with toxic metals freed from metal pipes by the acidity. As if urban skies were not already grey enough, typical visibility has declined from 10 to 4 miles, along the Eastern seaboard, as acid rain turns into smogs. Also, now there are indicators that the components of acid rain are a health risk, linked to human respiratory disease. PREVENTION However, the acidification of water supplies could result in increased concentrations of metals in plumbing such as lead, copper and zinc which could result in adverse health effects. After any period of non-use, water taps at summer cottages or ski chalets they should run the taps for at least 60 seconds to flush any excess debris.STATISTICSAlthough there is very little data, the evidence indicates that in the last twenty to thirty years the acidity of rain has increased in many parts of the United States. Presently, the United States annually discharges more than 26 million tons of suffer dioxide into the atmosphere. Just three states, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois are responsible for nearly a quarter of this total. Overall, two-thirds of the suffer dioxide into the atmosphere over the United States comes from coal-fired and oil fired plants. Industrial boilers, smelters, and refineries contribute 26%; commercial institutions and residences 5%; and transportation 3%. The outlook for future emissions of suffer dioxide is not a bright one. Between now and the year 2000, United States utilities are expected to double the amount of coal they burn. The United States currently pumps some 23 million tons of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere in the course of the year. Transportation sources account for 40%; power plants, 30%; industrial sources, 25%; and commercial institutions and residues, 5%. What makes these figures particularly distributing is that nitrogen oxide emissions have tripled in the last thirty years. FINAL THOUGHTS Acid rain is very real and a very threatening problem. Action by one government is not enough. In order for things to be done we need to find a way to work together on this for at least a reduction in the contaminates contributing to acid rain. Although there are right steps in the right directions but the government should be cracking down on factories not using the best filtering systems when incinerating or if the factory is giving off any other dangerous fumes. .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 , .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 .postImageUrl , .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 , .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3:hover , .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3:visited , .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3:active { border:0!important; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3:active , .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3 .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0654cb9e0918c2d13193de3dba010dd3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Walmart Essay I would like to express this question to you, the public:WOULD YOU RATHER PAY A LITTLE NOW OR A LOT LATER?

Motivational Control Of Impulsive Interacts -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Motivational Control Of Impulsive Interacts? Answer: Introduction In this assignment the research deals with the two kind of case study First case study describe about the team building, how to build a team etc (Ranellucci, Hall Goetz, 2015). What are the goals and objectives og effective team building. The second case study describes about the Sam Nguyen walk approximately the inner city place of work of his company Vibe and feels a sense of fulfillment. He watches his employees as they work, talk and interact in the unlock plan office (Meszy?ski Jzefowicz, 2013).Vibes workers of 20 were separated uniformly among the two teams with share direction and sales and response employees (Meszy?ski Jzefowicz, 2013). Teams are formed for numerous reasons. They might require delivering a one-time scheme or effective mutually on a continuing basis (Kuznetsov Kuznetsova, 2011). Moreover technique, if you take advantage of a group's cooperative power and originality, the team can achieve much extra in less time (Meszy?ski Jzefowicz, 2013). You cant train people to be team players because yes no body can train people to be a good team player since ones partiality to work by yourself is primarily a personality behavior, so training will not modify the performance, on the other hand, concerning them in positive team condition might allow them to modify their own behaviors and attitude ('Characteristics of Pet Owners: Motivation and Need Fulfillment', 2015). Suppose take an example, if they are unconfident or introverted, they might gain self-confidence after numerous successful team project in which they were permitted to settle in at their own velocity and satisfied with positive feedback on their co nsumers (Kuznetsov Kuznetsova, 2011). Well it perceptibly true that no one can treat anyone to become a good team player it is something which come inbuilt (Kuznetsov Kuznetsova, 2011). Most of the people dont have the ability to regulate to new behavior like appropriate team players; as a substance of information it is going to create the individual feel even inferior since he or she cannot do it (Balamohan, Tech Gomathi, 2015). The most essential step when preparation a team-building activity comes at the extremely beginning: you must create by figure out what dispute your team faces (Meszy?ski Jzefowicz, 2013). Simply then can you decide workout that will be effectual in serving them work throughout these problem (Ranellucci, Hall Goetz, 2015). Some example of team building exercise is, team helps us via improving our communication skills, Build interdependence and trust, etc (Meszy?ski Jzefowicz, 2013). In this case study, they team building occur in one more game, which are name as Zig Zag. Its a sequence of ropes strung at lap level among eight or nine trees. The purpose is for associate to put on the ropes, inch beside to the end, but with no ever touching the floor (Meszy?ski Jzefowicz, 2013). By planning this kind of game with the team member is a very good way to build their team stronger because it help the team member to know each other and create a bonding which are require via team building, because at the end of the performance they see the team effort (Chacko Abraham, 2014). Yes, there is a risk that exercise like this can be seen as just for fun exercise that are enjoyable but have no other value because, the course is really a problem designed to pay attention on the group to rely on cooperation, conversation and novelty to do well (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). Quest catalysts Bryan Cone offer a few suggestions and following much experiment and mistake the team records out process to arrive at the end ('Characteristics of Pet Owners: Motivation and Need Fulfillment', 2015). This type of exercise is only meant to build your physical health, this type of exercise also help the employees to build their reduction pressure and nervousness as well as to reduce their tension, lifting their mood and relieve despair, boost their power, ever-increasing their self esteem etc (Chacko Abraham, 2014). In this case study here they build one game name has zig zag which will help the employees to increase their motivational power toward their team as well as hel p the employee how to manage their team building (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). In team building this kind of exercise will help the employees to increasing their motivational skill toward their team members as well as also boost their self esteem via team building (Colburn Falvey, 2013). Effective teams are satisfying and divide up many frequent characteristics. Deference for other team members is necessary for team efficiency (Chacko Abraham, 2014). Charge the potency of teammates, whereas minimize their weak point, encourage team consistency (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). Cooperating as a team needs trust, focus on and believe in the end objective, in conflict less and explore more. Whereas building exercise that could help out a team attain at least one of the characteristics of an effective team are, one of the characteristics that could be selected are Role clarification- this kind of interference highlight rising communication among team members concerning their individual responsibility within the team (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). Team members recover their understanding of their own and others individual responsibility and duty within the team ('Characteristics of Pet Owners: Motivation and Need Fulfillment', 2015). This involvement describes the team as encompass a set of extend beyond responsibility.It can be use to recover team and person characteristics (i.e. by decreasing responsibility uncertainty) and work arrangement by discuss, defining, and adjust team member responsibility (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). It comprises an understanding of the aptitude that survives on the team, and how best to utilize it, permit members to understand why apparent responsibility is important (Joshi Knight, 2014). The members must also understand that they are mutually dependent and the disappointment of one team member lead to the failure of the complete team (Huggins Stamatel, 2015). Related to this case study here the select two types of characteristic which will help the team while developing is firstly the goal setting another one is interpersonal relations management (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). Goal setting is the involvement highlight setting goal and rising person and team objective (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). Team members turn into implicated in action development to recognize ways to achieve objective. It is intended to strengthen team member incentive to accomplish team objective and goal. By recognize detailed outcome levels, teams can decide what prospect resources are desirable (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). Many organizations persist on teams negotiate a team contract among the team and accountable managers (and union influential) to authorize the team to complete stuff on behalf of the association (Khan, Azhar Hayat, 2015). Interpersonal relations management is the interference emphasize rising teamwork ability (i.e. mutual supportiveness, communication, and distribution of outlook). Team members build up belief in one another and self-assurance in the team (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). This is stand on the theory that teams with less interpersonal disagreement purpose more efficiently than teams with superior numbers of interpersonal disagreement (Xie Allen, 2015). It entails the exploit of a facilitator to expand common trust and open communication among team associate. As team members realize higher stage of confidence, collaboration and team characteristics can be modify too (Yuretich Kanner, 2015). By Merrill White, Qut International College: Sam decision are not to be consider job sharing or part time staff for the members position because Sam was not capable to manage so, his judgment guide to unintentional favoritism (Kuznetsov Kuznetsova, 2011). He also explains about the gender discrimination as well as he did not actually examine the ability of the females (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). As well as Sam supposed that the company might not have an unpaid manager for equally job duties since people will believe the company is not severe. He was frightened of what consumers were believed if they had to contract with dissimilar managers on different existence (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). Sam had forever looked after the fiscal and development side of the company and management all operations. Sam required recruiting Andreas substitute in house, together to reward his populace and since of the importance of the circumstances (Tully Smith, 2015). The job was extremely paid and concerned a small quantity of exp ressway and Asian travel (Kuznetsov Kuznetsova, 2011). Sam calls an assembly and tells Sarah and Julie his judgment. He was amazed at their response (Vaughan Slinger, 2013). After their early upset they ask him why they could not share the job the situation. Sam was unbending that this could not work, for a moment exactness his reason why (Kuznetsov Kuznetsova, 2011). When Sarah said that her consideration this was a relations friendly place of work and that she brings in more industry in three days than scholarship did in five days, Sam was surprised. Julie thought she had a family to hold up and that she feel she was receiving no gratitude for her hard work. In confidential, both were annoyed and said that not anything had misused because their mothers time in the place of work, and that their anticipation that workplaces must be evenhanded and family welcoming seem inexperienced (Kuznetsov Kuznetsova, 2011). This was the reason Sams decision was not considered (Kozaki Ross, 2011). In long term engagement Sam cam motivate Sarah and Julie via satisfying their performance and propose superiority base rewards (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). Also allocate some of the executive duties connected with this kind of reward and Job design allow them to be independent (self-control and self leaderships give confidence employee empowerment). Sam can offer some kind of reward strategy which will help them while motivating Sarah and Julie (Kuznetsov Kuznetsova, 2011). Job design- it is the procedure during which managers preparation and identify job tasks and the work agreement that permits them to be skillful. Job design effort to recognize the requirements of employees and the business, remove obstruction in the place of work that aggravate those requirements (Meszy?ski Jzefowicz, 2013). Job Enlargement- It is the procedure to raise the range of a job throughout extends the variety of its job duties and responsibilities usually surrounded by the same stage and margin (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). It engages combing a variety of behavior at the same stage in the association and addition them to the obtainable job (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). In this case study, Job design and Job enlargement be used to recover both staff incentive and the operations efficiency of VIBE are skill variety, task significance, task identity, criticism from job, independence (Ranellucci, Hall Goetz, 2015). Outcome by adding up tasks to preexisting responsibilities are inspiration, elasticity, efficiency, reduce uniformity, operational efficiency and job satisfaction (Ranellucci, Hall Goetz, 2015). Sam had forever look after the fiscal and development side of the company and control all business (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). The factors would be consider in Sams situation are self leadership policy to everybody, encouragement trained employees for significant situation, Empowerment approach, employee estimate, rewards for everybody at VIBE (Tanno, Kurashima Watanabe, 2011). Sam required recruiting Andreas substitute in house, together to reward his populace and since of the importance of the circumstances (Ranellucci, Hall Goetz, 2015). Sam can offer some kind of reward strategy which will help them while motivating Sarah and Julie (Ranellucci, Hall Goetz, 2015). The job that public execute in the organizations is the structure slab of all organization arrangement (Ranellucci, Hall Goetz, 2015). Job design forms significant part of the procedure of managing populace (Roberts, Strang Roberts, 2015). References Balamohan, P., Tech, M., Gomathi, S. (2015). Emotional Intelligence Its Importance and Relationship with Individual Peformance, Team-Effectiveness, Leadership and Marketing Effectiveness.Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences. doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1p120 Chacko, L., Abraham, S. (2014). Phenytoin-induced gingival enlargement.Case Reports,2014(may28 1), bcr2014204670-bcr2014204670. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-204670 Characteristics of Pet Owners: Motivation and Need Fulfillment. (2015).JMEP,4. doi:10.12689/jmep.2015.406 Colburn, A., Falvey, N. (2013). Team Building: A Climb to Perianesthesia Excellence.Journal Of Perianesthesia Nursing,28(3), e5. doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2013.04.016 Huggins, C., Stamatel, J. (2015). An Exploratory Study Comparing the Effectiveness of Lecturing versus Team-based Learning.Teaching Sociology,43(3), 227-235. doi:10.1177/0092055x15581929 Joshi, A., Knight, A. (2014). Who Defers to Whom and Why? Dual Pathways Linking Demographic Differences and Dyadic Deference to Team Effectiveness.Academy Of Management Journal,58(1), 59-84. doi:10.5465/amj.2013.0718 Khan, N., Azhar, D., Hayat, Z. (2015). Strategic Approach to Job Design: An Issue in Strategy Implementation.Ijhrs,5(1), 48. doi:10.5296/ijhrs.v5i1.6746 Kozaki, Y., Ross, S. (2011). Contextual Dynamics in Foreign Language Learning Motivation.Language Learning,61(4), 1328-1354. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00638.x Kuznetsov, A., Kuznetsova, O. (2011). Looking for Ways to Increase Student Motivation: Internationalisation and Value Innovation.Higher Education Quarterly,65(4), 353-367. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2273.2011.00493.x Meszy?ski, S., Jzefowicz, M. (2013). Analog Mars rover service as a robotic hardware and team building platform.GSTF Journal Of Engineering Technology,2(3). doi:10.5176/2251-3701_2.3.91 Ranellucci, J., Hall, N., Goetz, T. (2015). Achievement Goals, Emotions, Learning, and Performance: A Process Model.Motivation Science. doi:10.1037/mot0000014 Roberts, B., Strang, C., Roberts, W. (2015). Introduction.Learning And Motivation,50, 1-2. doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2015.02.001 Tanno, T., Kurashima, R., Watanabe, S. (2011). Motivational control of impulsive behavior interacts with choice opportunities.Learning And Motivation,42(2), 145-153. doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2011.01.001 Tully, T., Smith, M. (2015). Officer perceptions of crisis intervention team training effectiveness.The Police Journal,88(1), 51-64. doi:10.1177/0032258x15570558 Vaughan, L., Slinger, T. (2013). Building a Healthy Work Environment: A Nursing Resource Team Perspective.Cjnl,26(sp), 70-77. doi:10.12927/cjnl.2013.23322 Xie, C., Allen, T. (2015). Simulation and experimental design methods for job shop scheduling with material handling: a survey.Int J Adv Manuf Technol. doi:10.1007/s00170-015-6981-x Yuretich, R., Kanner, L. (2015). Examining the Effectiveness of Team-Based Learning (TBL) in Different Classroom Settings.Journal Of Geoscience Education,63(2), 147-156. doi:10.5408/13-109.1

5 Most Influential People In American History Essays -

5 Most Influential People In American History The United Sates has had a short yet complex history in its two hundred and twenty-four years. She has produced millions and millions of great individuals. These great minds have shaped what America is today. Others, however, have personally molded this magnificent nation with their own acts. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson are the most influential builders of the United States of America. John Adams was born loyal to the English Crown but evolved into the second President of the Free World. As a lawyer, Adams emerged into politics as an opponent of the Stamp Act and was a leader in the Revolutionary group opposing the British measures that were to lead to the American Revolution. Sent to the First Continental Congress, he distinguished himself, and in the Second Continental Congress he was a moderate but forceful revolutionary. He proposed George Washington as commander in chief of the Continental troops to bind Virginia more tightly to the cause for independence. He favored the Declaration of Independence, was a member of the drafting committee, and argued eloquently for it. Adams was one of the negotiators who drew up the momentous Treaty of Paris to end the American Revolution. Adams diplomatic skills brought him much political fame. Thomas Jefferson, although never effective as a public speaker, won a reputation as a draftsman of resolutions and addresses. In the colonial House of Burgesses Jefferson was a leader of the patriot faction. He helped form, and became a member of, the Virginia Committee of Correspondence. In his paper A Summary View of the Rights of British America, prepared for the First Virginia Convention, he brilliantly expounded the view that Parliament had no authority in the colonies and that the only bond with England was that of voluntary allegiance to the king. A delegate to the Second Continental Congress, he served as a member of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence. That historic document, except for minor alterations by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin and others made on the floor of Congress, was wholly the work of Jefferson. In 1783 he was again in the Continental Congress where he drafted a plan for a decimal system of coinage based on the dollar and drew up a proposed ordinance for the government of the Northwest Territory, which, although not then adopted, was the basis for the very important Ordinance of 1787. Though absent when the Constitution was drafted and adopted, Jefferson gave his support to a stronger central government and to the Constitution, particularly with the addition of the Bill of Rights. Jefferson was the first President inaugurated in Washington, a city he had helped to plan. He believed that the Federal government should be concerned mostly with foreign affairs, leaving the states and local governments free to administer local matters. Despite his contention that the Constitution must be interpreted strictly, he pushed through the Louisiana Purchase, even though such an action was nowhere expressly authorized. His eager interest in the West and in exploration had already led him to plan and organize the Lewis and Clark expedition. Jefferson led a slanderous yet substantial life. John Marshalls brilliant skill in argument made him one of the most esteemed of the many great lawyers of Virginia. A defender of the new U.S. Constitution at the Virginia ratifying convention, Marshall later staunchly supported the Federalist administration. He accepted appointment as one of the commissioners to France in the diplomatic dispute that ended in the XYZ Affair. Marshall's effectiveness there made him a popular figure. In his long service on the bench, Marshall raised the Supreme Court from an anomalous position in the Federal scheme to power and majesty, and he molded the Constitution by the breadth and wisdom of his interpretation; he eminently deserves the appellation the Great Chief Justice. He dominated the court equally by his personality and his ability, and his achievements were made in spite of strong disagreements with Jefferson and later Presidents. He made incontrovertible the previously uncertain right of the Supreme Court to review Federal and state laws and to pronounce final judgment on their constitutionality. He viewed the Constitution on the

Olympics Boycott essay

Olympics Boycott essay Olympics Boycott essay Olympics Boycott essayThe Olympics boycott of 1980 was one of the major sports event of the 20th century that revealed the full extent to which politics influenced the world sports and Olympic movement. At the same time, being driven by morally just reasons, the Olympics boycott of 1980 became the failure of the US because the US made the move that put under a threat the survival of the Olympic Games as one of the few international events that united sportspersons and nations globally, regardless of their political background. In addition, the boycott had failed to become a truly global decision. Instead, the boycott was virtually forced on close allies of the US but it had never been fully supported in the world, while its effects were negative not only for the USSR but also and mainly for American sportspersons, who were deprived of an opportunity to participate in the main sports event of their life which they fairly deserved, because of political concerns of Jim Carter’s a dministration.The Olympics boycott was triggered by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as the USSR deployed its military to support the pro-Soviet, communist regime in Afghanistan (Mertin 235). In response to the military intervention of the USSR in Afghanistan, the US and its allies introduced sanctions, among which the boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow was a part of sanctions. The military intervention of the USSR into Afghanistan was apparently the unfair and challenging decision but this political and military move was not new in international politics, taking into consideration the Soviet troops deployment in 1968 in Czechoslovakia, Hungary in 1956 and threatened to deploy its troops in Poland in 1980, while even the US deployed its troops to reach their geopolitical ends, as was the case of Korea in 1953 or Vietnam in 1956-1975. However, neither of the aforementioned conflicts did result in sanctions affecting sportspersons and major sport events like the Olympics.At the same time, the expansion of sanctions on the Olympics evoked controversial responses not only in the world community but also among allies of the US. In fact, many countries were unwilling to support the Olympics boycott initiated by the US. Therefore, even allies of the US were not willing to support the Olympics boycott, while countries that took the position close to neutral were even more unwilling to join the boycotting cohort. As for social states, they were neither willing nor capable to boycott the Olympics in Moscow, especially in light of the extensive deployment of the Soviet army in Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Obviously, socialist states were not willing to trigger the outrage of Moscow which threatened the deployment of troops against states that manifest their disloyalty.Nevertheless, the US conducted the large scale campaign aiming at the support of the boycott. The US attempted to use celebrities to persuade the public and political leaders along with national commit tees of other countries to support the US Olympics boycott. For instance, Muhammad Ali’s voyage to Africa before the 1980 Olympics aimed at persuading leaders of some African countries and their national Olympic committees to support the boycott.The alternative Olympics Boycott Games were conducted in the US. In fact, this was the weak attempt to save the Olympics for those, who supported the boycott because the alternative Olympics were not recognized by the International Olympic committee or by the international community as the Olympic Games. As a result, there were just regional games, a sport event that involves some popular sportspersons but could never be viewed as a large scale, major event of four years period as the Olympics normally are.Many countries refused to support the Olympics boycott, while many US allies, such as West Germany, had to apply a considerable pressure to persuade their national Olympic committees to support the boycott. At the same time, some co untries, which officially refused to participate in the Olympics, still sent their sportspersons, although they participated under the Olympic flag and did not use their national flags and anthems. For instance, French, British and other sportspersons participated in the Olympics in such a way.Remarkably, the Soviet television did not show the sportspersons under the Olympics flag to maintain the general impression of the worldwide participation and involvement into the Olympic Games. In such a way, the Olympics boycott had failed to defeat the Soviet propaganda since the population of the USSR was just fed up with the Soviet propaganda and the average spectators watching the Olympics in the USSR on TV did not even notice that something went wrong but the absence of the American sportspersons, whom they perceived as enemies and did not really care about their absence.The Olympic boycott was generally perceived as the failure because even the allies of the US participated in the 1980 Olympics, although their participation was informal. Other countries just refused to support the boycott (Corthorn 51). Even though sixty-five countries did not participate in the Olympics at all, the boycott did not reach its main goal, which it was launched for. The USSR did not withdraw its troops from Afghanistan. The public image of the USSR did not suffer much because its response to the boycott was predictable as well as the boycott itself. In addition, the USSR had the powerful propaganda machine that shaped the public opinion in the USSR as the ruling regime wished. Hence, the boycott could not have any significant effects on the public opinion and the population of the USSR and Jim Carter’s administration expected.On the other hand, sportspersons of those countries, which supported the boycott, suffered the most, whereas the boycott did not affect the USSR much (Cousineau 76). Therefore, the boycott has not reach its main goal to raise the public opinion in the USS R as well as internationally since the USSR public remain basically ignorant or indifferent to the boycott, while the world community was rather willing to participate in the Olympics than support the boycott initiated by the US out of political reasons and concerns.The aftermath of the Olympics boycott was the deterioration of international relations between the US and the USSR and their allies. In response to the Olympics boycott in 1980 in Moscow, the USSR responded with the boycott of the Olympics of 1984 in Los Angeles (Sarantakes 121). The USSR was supported by thirteen socialist states, which were allies of the USSR. At the same time, there were only two states that supported both boycotts and did not participate in neither Olympics, these states were Albania and Iran.In fact, the Olympics boycott of 1980 was rather a failure than success. The US failed to make the boycott global. In this regard, undemocratic, socialist states naturally ignored the boycott and participated in the Olympics in Moscow. Moreover, even close allies of the US did not really support the boycott because, in spite of the formal support, sportspersons of the US allies still participated in the Olympics. At the same time, the boycott had a negative impact on the development of sports in the US because the entire generation of sportsperson was deprived of the possibility to participate in the Olympics, which they prepared for during four years. As a result, the refusal of the US Olympic Committee to participate in the Olympics in 1980s in Moscow deprived American sportsperson to participate in the Olympics which was the only lifetime chance for many sportspersons to participate in the Olympics.Thus, the Olympics boycott of 1980 was rather a failure than success. The politically driven sanctions did not have desirable effects on the USSR and its allies, while the extrapolation of the political struggle between the two superpowers on the Olympic movement contradicted to fundamental p rinciples of the Olympics which always stood on the ground of the peaceful competition between all sportspersons from all over the world.

Essay is to define Ahimsa Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is to define Ahimsa - Essay Example provision of ahimsa because both these human factors are closely linked and are vulnerable to cause a reaction that may result in the physical expression of the same. Alternatively, it can be said that ahimsa is the basic principle of life that promotes universal values and ethical living because it abhors violence. It teaches one to love fellow-beings and live in harmony. In the contemporary environment of fast paced life, people are living on their nerves and each of them is trying to become better than others. This has significantly influenced human behaviour that has become less tolerant and more vulnerable to the vagaries of life, provoking violent expressions, both in action and thought. The repercussions are highly detrimental to the society that is increasingly becoming global in essence but diverse in equation. The rapid globalization has changed the dynamics of societal norms and the emergence of pluralistic society demands new paradigms of peaceful living. Indeed this definition of ahimsa becomes pertinent in the current times and needs to become the governing principle of living. Interesting, while ahimsa is fittingly described as a principle of non violence against all odds, it also seems to have acquired huge scope of interpretations that encompass not only the real and meta physical reality of human life but also life after physical death. The spiritual annotations of ahimsa bring human beings closer to the divinity and therefore, towards immortality of soul that is indestructible. It inculcates selfless service and promotes acceptance of human failings within the wider realm of human interactions. In short, it teaches people to love and to cherish what one has. In loving others, one would not hate nor desire harm to those whom one loves! Ahimsa is also the philosophy of life because it teaches to love not because another person is wholly pure in thoughts and actions but because he understands that the other person is also created by the same